• They seek opportunities to use the language outside the classroom.

• They are risk takers and are willing to "look foolish”, if necessary.

• They read about the geography, history, religion, national sports, holidays, and/or customs of countries in which the target language is spoken.

• They study systematically and regularly achieve better results. They learn to observe how they are studying and replace less successful procedures with more successful ones.

• They read about the process of language learning, talk about how to learn with successful learners of foreign languages, and try out creative, individual ways of learning.

• They assess their emotional state and find ways to decrease their anxiety.

• They understand that various languages use different ways to communicate meaning and cannot simply be “translated”.

• They incorporate multiple language learning strategies to improve their performance.

Principles and Strategies for Memorization